After successful completion of the pilot program, the structural repair manuals were modified to include this set of three composite doubler designs. Part of the reason was the slow development of strong. It is important that metal structural repairs be made according to the best available techniques because improper repair techniques can pose an immediate or potential danger aircraft metal structural. Aircraft wood and structural repair wood aircraft construction and repairs part one wood aircraft construction and. The various species of wood listed in figure 610 are acceptable for structural purposes when used for the repair of aircraft. Full cantilever wings have no external bracing and are supported internally.
Understanding material types and stress loads are essential. Composite repair for metallic aircraft s tructures development and qual ification aspects 3 inservice damages on metallic ac structures structural fatigue cracking is a result of the usage and will finally occur in all aging aircraft, and service findings in alalloys like 7075 and 7079 are common, especially for t6 heat. Arnol d okkonen abstract the lack of structural durability of epoxy bonds to wood has always been a problem for fabricators of adhesivebonded wood products intended for service in exterior. General aviation composite repair larry l mansberger the university of texas arlington department of mechanical and aerospace engineering the repair of composite aircraft structures is similar to that of other advanced composite repair techniques. Aircraft life monitoring there are 3 philosophical approaches to designing aircraft in order to ensure that they operate safely throughout their operational lives. Written for the amt school that wants detailed coverage of sheet metal, as well as for the individual who wishes to learn at home, avoteks aircraft structural technician contains indepth information sheet metal fabrication and repair for the aviation industry. Advisory circular aircraft propeller maintenance flight standards service washington, d. Aircraft metal structural repair easa part 66 academy. However, existing repair methods have the following problems1. Are mineral streaks in a piece of structural aircraft wood reason for rejecting the wood. It is recommended by the builders of many types of homebuilt aircraft and is excellent for.
These principles will be covered briefly with emphasis and examples on. Faa aviation maintenance technician handbook airframe volume 1 1. Most of the airplanes built during world war i wwi were constructed of wood frames with fabric coverings. Basic aircraft structure repair prior to performing maintenance on aircraft structures the mechanic or technician should have a basic understanding of the repair including structural loads and stresses of the aircraft. Wood structure study guide by givemethelute22 includes 15 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. When damage to an aircraft occurs, the aircraft must be returned to operation as soon as possible after recovering the necessary quality. Airframe volume 1 ebook pdf this faa handbook provides knowledge for earning the aviation maintenance technician certificate, airframe section. Aircraft maintenance and repair 415 structural durability assessments fatigue ratings and allowables longlife structures are achieved by balancing detail design practices with the operating stress environment, figure 5. The specific topics addressed include aircraft structures, aerodynamics, aircraft assembly and rigging, aircraft fabric covering, aircraft metal structural repair, aircraft welding, aircraft wood and structural repair, advanced composite materials, aircraft painting and finishing, and aircraft electrical systems. Propellers of all types are covered, including propellers of composite, wood, and metal.
Aircraft welding, aircraft wood and structural repair, advanced composite materials, aircraft. The course includes a combination of lecture, discussion and practical exercises. Skill set details skill set components click on the export link to export the nrt information to ms word or pdf. This unit has been designed to provide learners with an understanding of general airframe structural repairs. Mea359a inspect and repair aircraft wooden structures. This faa handbook provides the basic information on principles, fundamentals, and technical procedures in the subject matter areas relating to the airframe and powerplant ratings, such as. Consideration of aircraft maintenance and repair procedures is a critical part of the development and application of new materials and structures. Fail safe structures have multiple load paths and if one part fails, other components will take over the load eg multiple attachment points for. Download pdf aviation maintenance technician airframe volume 1 book full free. Aviation maintenance technician handbookairframe volume 1 u. Airframe structural concepts and construction methods. Aircraft wood structures by christopher gonzalez on prezi. Department of transportation federal aviation administration flight standards service 2012 2.
Aircraft wood and structural repair history of wooden aircraft wood aircraft construction and repairs repair of wood aircraft structures preparationof wood for gluing repair of wood aircraft. The satisfactory performance of an aircraft requires continuous maintenance of aircraft structural integrity. Chapter 5 aircraft structural repairwood structures. Sheet metal structures 25 the sheet metal the amount of force that will cause figure 27. This advisory circular ac contains methods, techniques, and practices acceptable to the administrator for the inspection and repair of nonpressurized areas of civil aircraft, only when there are no manufacturer repair or maintenance instructions. Regardless of type, the spar is the most important part of the wing. This structural repair manual includes the original issue and the following listed revisions. When other structural members of the wing are placed under load, most of the resulting stress is passed on to the wing spar.
Identify the five basic stresses acting on an aircraft. Wood aircraft construction and repairs part one in aircraft wood and structural repair. Timber is readily worked by hand, using simple tools and is, therefore, far cheaper to use than metal. Usually this layup schedule is available in the structural repair manual srm or. All wood and ply wood used in the repair of aircraft structures should be of aircraft quality reference army. Early aircraft designers and builders often used ash or hickory. This allows for more routine use of composite doubler repairs within the allowable application regime specified in the. Aircraft wood information light aircraft association.
The standard for comparing all aircraft structural wood is stika spruce. Experience has shown that incompatibility between operating stresses and fatigue allowables causes 85% of the service problems. We offer our customers a quality of sheetmetal repairs and modification that are rare to find in these times. The design of an aircraft metal structural repair is complicated by the requirement that an aircraft be as light as possible. Export summary to word export summary to pdf notify me of changes. Figure 25 the most popular types of fuselage structures used in todays aircraft are the monocoque french for single shell and semimonocoque. Persons engaged in the inspection and repair of civil aircraft. System three t88 epoxy is a 2component, epoxypolyamide adhesive and is the most popular and likely the best choice for gluing wood aircraft and boats. Aircraft wood and structural repair wood was among the first materials used to construct aircraft. Wood under attack by moisture or fungus will sound hollow and soft, and it also will have a musty or moldy smell if you can differentiate that odor from the surrounding aircraft smells of fuel, oil, paint, etc. Wood aircraft construction and repairs part one in aircraft wood and structural repair the information presented in this chapter is general in nature and should not be regarded as a substitute for specific instructions contained in the aircraft manufacturers maintenance and repair manuals.
Faa aviation maintenance technician handbook airframe. An understanding of the inspection and repair of airframe components and structures is an essential tool for all mechanical aircraft technicians, particularly those involved in the maintenance, manufacture or overhaul of aircraft. Wood that comes from a conebearing tree is a softwood. From the very beginning of aviation wood has been used in aircraft construction. A shear stress on a rivet attempts to slide through the rivet shank. Aircraft structures, aerodynamics, aircraft assembly and rigging, aircraft fabric covering, aircraft metal structural repair, aircraft welding, aircraft wood. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. To make sure that information in this manual is current and the latest maintenance and inspections procedures. Aircraft with wood wing spars may have wood or metal ribs while.
Aircraft structural wood defects aircraft structural wood defects permitted cross grain spiraldiagonal grain or combination if not exceed 1 inch in 15 inches checked using free flowing ink wavy, curly and interlocked grain slope not exceeding 1. September 1994 subcourse overview this subcourse is designed to provide you with a general familiarization of the airframe of todays aircraft and repair procedures. T88 will cure in temperatures as low as 35f which makes it an excellent choice for homebuilders living in colder climates. Development of quick repair method for aircraft composite. Predicament in repairing aircraft primary composite structures. We are not announcing a reopening date at this time and will provide updates on a regular and asneeded basis.
A wood product made of strips of wood glued together in such a. It covers the competencies required to inspect and repair aircraft wooden structures. It is stronger for its weight than any other material excepting certain alloy steels. Structural repair manual srm, maintenance planning document mpd and nondestructive test. Older types of aircraft design utilized an open truss structure constructed of wood, steel, or aluminum tubing.
General aviation composite repair composite aircraft repair. All smithsonian museums and smithsonian libraries locations continue to be closed to support the effort to contain the spread of covid19. Hardwoods are not always more dense than softwoods. Wood was the material of choice for aircraft construction into the 1930s. Pdf predicament in repairing aircraft primary composite. Located in the central northwest we offer our customers top quality sheetmetal services with attention to details that attributes to an excellent job. The inspection of glued joints in wooden aircraft structures presents considerable difficulties. Attention is focused on three main structural components of the towers, i. Aircraft fabric covering, aircraft metal structural repair, aircraft welding, aircraft wood and structural repair, advanced composite materials, aircraft painting and.
If weight were not critical, all repairs could be made. Pdf aviation maintenance technician airframe volume 1. Department of transportation federal aviation administration. Past experiences and future trends for composite aircraft. Aircraft wood and structural repair easa part 66 academy. Pdf aviation maintenance technician handbook airframe. Advances in materials and processes used to construct aircraft have led to their evolution from simple wood truss structures to the sleek aerodynamic flying machines of today. What is the correct repair to a wooden aircraft wing spar if the wingattach bolt holes in the spar are elongated. Design of wood aircraft structures smithsonian libraries. Structural failure leads to crash general aviation news. The repair of composite aircraft structures is similar to that of other advanced composite repair techniques. Structural repair manual an overview sciencedirect topics. Aircraft wood chapter 6 and structural repair aircraft wood and structural repair wood was among the irst materials used to construct aircraft. Some aircraft, such as the bellanca viking series, have wings using wood structural components and wood skins.
For detailed instructions regarding maintenance practices for specific airframe components, refer to the manufacturers publications such as the maintenance manual mm or structural repair. These factors determine the requirements to be met by any material used to construct or repair the aircraft. Aircraft wood and structural repair flight mechanic. Part of the reason was the slow development of strong, lightweight, metal aircraft structures and the lack of suitable corrosionresistant materials for allmetal aircraft. Faa approved aviation training custom aerospace manuals. Aviation maintenance technician airframe volume 1 available for download and read online in. This course prepares the student to assess, design and analyze metallic repairs for damage beyond the limits described in the structural repair manual srm. Aircraft wood information page 1 of 8 wood is used throughout the world for a wide variety of purposes. The information presented in this chapter is general in nature and should not be regarded as a substitute for specific instructions contained in the aircraft manufacturers maintenance and repair manuals. Rivet joint considerations the design of an aircraft repair is complicated by the requirement that it be as lightweight as possible. Figure 610 provides a comparison of other wood that may be suitable for aircraft repair. Design of wood aircraft structures rc soaring digest.
Previous service experience with metallic and composite structures supports the importance of a maintainable design. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Even where access to the joint exists, it is still difficult to positively. If weight were not a critical factor, repairs could be made with a large margin of safety. Boeing perspectives on safe composite maintenance practices. Prepreg scarf repair, which is one of the typical repair methods for composite structures. With a tensile strength of 7,000 psi we highly recommend its use when building one of our designs. Avotek aircraft structural maintenance aircraft spruce. The structural advantage of the biplane construction is that the two wings, vertical struts and wires form a deep light beam, which is more resistant to bending and twisting than a single wing. The faa airframe test questions are drawn from here. The primary factors to consider in aircraft structures are strength, weight, and reliability. Timber is readily worked by hand, using simple tools.